Let’s start with this: Ukraine is losing the war, and the longer it goes on the worse the peace deal will be. I absolutely agree with Trump that there needs to be a peace deal, and soon.
But the rhetoric coming out of the Trump administration and its proxies suggests that America owes Ukraine nothing, and that indeed, Ukraine owes America for all its support. This sounds reasonable, on the face, but only if you don’t know any history.
Let’s start with the 2014 Maidan protests which overthrew the government. They were a color revolution, heavily supported by the Americans and Europeans. Say what you will about Yanukovych, he was the elected President. There’s decent evidence that the sniper massacre was done by Maidan itself (see this academic study), and post coup, Ukraine was essentially run by Victoria Nuland.
The Maidan coup came in response to Yanukovych’s decision to accept Russia’s aid package instead of the West’s. This was the correct decision: Russia offered more money and aid with less strings, while Western aid came with IMF restructuring. If you know anything about the IMF you know that their restructuring is always painful and doesn’t improve host nations economies, but does increase inequality, and opens up the economy so foreigners can buy in.
Back in 2008 there was a brief Georgian/Russian war. Georgia had regions which were ethnically Russia and were de-facto independent and recognized by Russia. When Georgia invaded South Ossetia, Russia counter-invaded. At the time, at FireDogLake, I wrote an article predicting the next Russian war would be over Crimea and Sevastopol. Sevastopol is Russia’s main Black Sea port, and a Russian “hero city”, much beloved. Ukraine leased it to Russia, and if Ukraine ever moved to kick the Russians out I predicted the Russians would go to war rather than comply.
Put simply, Sevastopol was and is a key Russia interest.
So after the coup, Ukraine threatened to end the Russian lease. Russia invaded Crimea and took it over. (Don’t cry too much, most Crimeans, except the Tatars, would much rather be Russian.) Meanwhile, the East of Ukraine went into revolt, because they are mostly actually Russia and supported the ousted President. A small war was fought over that. The Russians intervened, routed the Ukrainians, and a peace deal, the Minsk accord, was set up, which basically gave Donetsk and Luhansk semi-autonomy.
So notice that without the coup, which was US backed, there’s no 2014 war between Ukraine and Russia, no loss of Crimea or semi-independence for the far East of Ukraine.
The coup was anti-democratic, overthrowing a legitimately elected government which was accepting the best deal offered. (And folks, I’ve studied IMF deals. They are always bad. Always.)
Of course, having lost a war and territory, Ukraine now becomes very anti-Russia, at least in the Western part. Understandable. There’s a HUGE military buildup. And, although Minsk was sold as the end of the matter, it was negotiated in bad faith by the West. This has been confirmed:
The West didn’t want peace, it wanted a chance to build up the Ukrainian military for the next round.
That next round came after Ukraine spent a lot of time shelling the hell out of Luhansk and Donetsk: a violation of the Minsk agreement, and with Ukraine and NATO talking about Ukraine joining NATO, which Russia had clear was a red line.
Now here’s the thing: absent the US backed Maidan coup, there is no Ukrainian war. It does not happen. Absent the huge build up of the military, again US and EU backed, there is no war, because Ukraine wouldn’t have risked it.
The US used Ukraine in a proxy war, after an anti-democratic coup. The West genuinely believed that sanctions would break Russia and allow Ukraine to win the war, and hoped that the loss would cause a break-up of Russia. Unfortunately for them, China needed Russia as an ally, and kept the Russian economy running and it is Europe that was damaged by the sanctions, while Russia’s economy is, overall, booming.
Back near the start of the war, a peace offer was on the table, far more generous than anything Ukraine can expect now. Boris Johnson, Britain’s PM, with US support, told Zelensky not to take it: NATO would back him to the hilt and he could win the war.
Fast forward: Ukraine is losing the war. On a map Russian gains over the last year aren’t all that large, but the Ukrainian army is running out of manpower and is being pushed past its line of prepared defenses. When the Ukrainian army breaks, and it will, the Russians will start making huge advances very quickly.
Now Trump comes in and acts as if America had nothing to do with all this and that Ukraine has taken advantage of American generosity instead of Ukraine being an American proxy which has been devastated after an American coup pushed it into war with a much stronger country and America and the UK told Ukraine not to take a better peace deal.
Trump’s attempting to get Ukrainian minerals in “repayment” for America pushing Ukraine into a war it couldn’t win, and is not even offerubg security guarantees in exchange. I loathe Zelensky, but he’s right to reject this one-sided “deal.”
This is despicable. This is honorless. The very least Ukraine deserves from America is a sincere effort to cut, for Ukraine, the best peace deal they can get.
Now Zelensky is delusional. Threats to fight on and a refusal to negotiate are insane. Russia’s BATNA (best alternative to a negotiated agreement) is to just continue the war, win it, and impose an unconditional surrender. Think Japan and Germany at the end of World War II.
But American negotiation seems to be about making the best deal for America, not for Ukraine.
My suggestion would be that Zelensky ask the Chinese to host negotiations. Yes, they’re an ally of Russia, BUT they’ve always supported a peace and, more importantly, they’re the only nation which really does have leverage over Russia: without China, Russia cannot survive economically. And, unlike America, China has said it is willing to put peacekeepers in Ukraine. Russia is NOT going to target Chinese troops.
Further, if China promises to rebuild Ukraine, it will do so, and do so quickly and competently. The Chinese are the best in the world at building roads, railways, ports, power plants and all other types of infrastructure.
Ukraine’s government was effectively controlled by the West and pushed into a war it couldn’t win. They need to end their Western alliance and cut the best deal they can get. That means, especially, not letting Trump negotiate, because he’s not negotiating for them, but for America.
It’s a bad hand, an awful one. But it’s the hand Ukraine has to play.
As for American claims that Ukraine used them, rather the other way around, they are without merit and beyond dishonorable.
Let’s give Kissinger the final word:
“It may be dangerous to be America’s enemy, but to be America’s friend is fatal.”
j
But I do cry for the Crimean Tatars, for they are the native people there. Living in Crimea, history has not been easy on them; being part of Russia, a major source of that unease, is not something one would wish for them either.
That in no way means I reject the reality that Russia was never going to allow Crimea be part of Nato. It’s not better that Crimea is Russia now, but it is the only option on the table we set up ourselves. The tragedy of the Tatars is just another part of the clusterfuck that all of this is. We walked them into this willingly, not giving a rats ass about them, and it is what it is now.
ZenBean
“But I do cry for the Crimean Tatars, for they are the native people there.”
The Crimean Tartars are one of many ethnics that took control of the peninsula by purging the people who were already living there. That stuff has been going on since at least the first Yamnaya conquerors. It’s not like the expansion of various Turkic peoples was particularly peacefule and their rule benign. Why should they deserve the much desired label of being the “true natives of Crimea”?
Emma
Nothing bad is happening to the Tartars under Russian control. They are far better off under the Russian Federation than they could ever be independently (thus a toy between great powers like Georgia or Armenia, and that’s a best case) or under a Western controlled regime like Kiev.
I’m not sure why Russia or China wants to have anything to do with Western Ukraine at this point. Let themselves be abandoned by Europeans and Americans for a decade or two and see what happens. Gladio type operations are going to happen no matter what and direct involvement will just cause more problems.
I don’t understand why Russia and China are more merciful and kind to their enemies and double dealers than to friends. No matter why or how, abandoning the Syrian people to HTS/Turkey/Israel is a terrible look. Still having normal relations with Israel is a terrible look. Letting Erdogan and Aliyev get away with what they do is a terrible look. They’re letting their purported pragmatism look like there’s no consequences for being their enemy and no benefits for being their friend.
miss jenkins
None of this is serious. Zelensky’s term ended last Spring. Anything involving him isn’t official anyway.
Russia says this. Until they don’t.
Why hasn’t Russia been able to defeat the US/NATO paper tiger? One would think the ‘Special Military Operation’ would be able to wrap things up rather quickly against such an easy adversary being led by all-out morons in ‘the west.’
It’s been three years of this nonsense.
At least two hundred thousand dead Russians, who knows how many dead Ukranians.
In the battle of good versus evil it’s the regular folks who die.
Congratulations to all of you who support this on all sides. You are all bloodthirsty warmongers with no consciences.
Jefferson Hamilton
In the second paragraph, I’m pretty sure “suggests that Ukraine owes America nothing” needs to be vice versa, otherwise the sentence makes no sense, and then in paragraph three, “see this academic study” isn’t actually a link.
Ian Welsh
Thank you Jefferson.
Paul Damascene
Agree w/ virtually every word, except perhaps China’s role in supporting Russia seems overstated. Aside from remaining friendly, refusing to join economic war, continuing to buy Russian exports that China itself badly needs, buying them in yuan instead of dollars, and exporting things under the table that Turkey, India and Kazakhstan would have sold to Russia sub rosa, I’ve seen little news of China ‘propping up’ Russia. After and even during the conflict, China will have needed Russia more than Russia needs China. Though the interdependency is significant.
Tallifer
Ukrainian society was divided into two parts: those who wanted to stay in the Soviet past, were content to be ruled by oligarchs and looked to Russia for support, and those who wanted to move into a democratic, free-market, socially progressive future like the Czech, Baltic and Polish countries. Russia supported one side, the West the other. Neither Russia nor the West created these tensions, but only one side slaughters Ukrainian civilians and kidnaps their children.
Ian Welsh
If China hadn’t done all those things Paul, sanctions would have worked. Honorary mention to India, but it’s China that mattered because everything Russia needs except some oil tech, they can get from China. If China had joined in on sanctions, Russia’s economy would have collapsed.
Mark Level
This is a useful post, covering the broad outline of “How we got here.”
It’s missing one key piece of data, which clarifies a lot, especially who is responsible for initiating the War– it’s The Rand Corporation’s 2019 “Overextending & Unbalancing Russia”. The plan proposes several axes of “cost-imposing measures” to threaten & destabilize Russia and to prepare it for a “Color Revolution”/ coup. The fact that this was proposed a year after Nuland’s Maidan coup shows the step-by-step nature of the US’s (primarily, the Euro Chihuahas of course tagged along) vain hopes to dismember a federated Russia into several tiny Bantustans, ripe for rule and exploitation.
https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB10014.html
miss jenkins scolds us that no one should support either side, that sympathy for the victims (always a war-like society’s weakest people, with the least ability to resist their Masters), but it is clear that one side initiated and provoked the war, & the other acted with restraint. In fact, Provoked is the title of a new Scott Horton book on the conflict, and its inevitable end.
The ghoulish mandates of the Aggressors, such as “Economic Cost-Imposing Measures,” show who is fully responsible for promoting a war and all the subsequent carnage. One can’t sit on the fence and support this, or “both sides” it as attempted, either. Even International Law (fake as much of it is, or biased on behalf of the rule-makers) is very clear about a given casus belli.
More than one point within the Rand study proves how stupid the people making these world domination plans are. Let’s just pick one– Under “Cost-Imposing Measures” see the claim, true at the time, that “Russian Petroleum Exports are Declining”– Well, forcing Russia into a war reversed that dramatically, and Russia is now #4 in size (accd. to the World Bank & IMF, certainly not pro-Russian. The 9 writers of this “plan” are deeply stupid.
If the Russians were nearly as murderous and ruthless as the Zionist state is allowed to be, these people would need to watch their backs out in public in the future. But it isn’t, they caused the almost-total destruction of Ukraine, and the expansion of Russia’s borders. Heckuva job, Brownie!!
Bill H.
I think you pretty much nailed it, but it’s worth mentioning that this is what America does. It has done precisely the same thing to nation after nation. No nation has ever survived friendship with the United States. Britain? Yes, Britain is in wonderful condition, isn’t it?
marku52
Excellent stuff Ian. The idea of the Chinese negotiating , monitoring, and rebuilding is brilliant, tho i suspect the Cocaine Cowboy is too far out of it to consider it. And whoever the US replaces him with won’t be allowed to consider it either.
It must be a sad thing to know how Cassandra felt…..
Eclair
Thank you for the clarifying history time-line, Ian. I am thinking of Ukraine now as a damp, bedraggled squeaky toy, tossed between two pit-bulls, Russia and the US, who would eventually tear it to shreds.
But, Ukraine shares a border (that’s the meaning of their name!) as well as history, culture, genetic make-up, with Russia. The US is thousands of miles away. (And let’s stop with this pretense of the US as a beacon of ‘democracy’ and ‘freedom:’ we have invaded (and wrecked) more sovereign countries since 1945 than Russia. Or China.)
Ukraine, to survive, needs to be neutral. And the US needs to stop interfering.
GrimJim
Great observations Ian! Just one minor correction:
“That means, especially, not letting Trump negotiate, because he’s not negotiating for them, but for America.”
Should read:
“That means, especially, not letting Trump negotiate, because he’s not negotiating for them, but for TRUMP.”
Nothing Trump ever does is for the United States.
Trump only does what is good for Trump, and maybe his friends, and when he is already sated, perhaps an ally or two.
Every transaction Trump makes is for Trump. If the US profits thereby, it is pure dumb luck.
Everything else is performative. He’ll keep making things look good for his supporters, until he is strong enough that he does not need them anymore. Then, all for Trump, all the time…