The horizon is not so far as we can see, but as far as we can imagine

Some Countries Need Less Population

There is a genre of population decline doomerism. An example:

Here’s the thing, Japan imports about sixty percent of its food. Japan is, by any reasonable measure, over-populated.

If you can’t feed your population and if there is no reasonable prospect that you could feed your population, perhaps you have too many people?

Another country for which this is true is Britain, which imports about 80% of its food. Yet the British have also been importing over a million people a year.

One might suggest, as well, that any country which has a large number of homeless people is also overpopulated: clearly it has more people than it is capable of taking care of. (Though we all know that’s usually a choice, not a constraint.)

The world is overpopulated by humans and our domesticated animals. We are in classic population overshoot.

When climate change and ecological collapse and resource depletion hit, there isn’t going to be enough food to go around. When that becomes the case, countries are going to prioritize themselves first and their close allies second. Entire countries which are now breadbaskets will either produce less, or will no longer produce enough for themselves. When the Gulf Stream turns off, which is expected any time in the next 50 years, for example, Europe as a whole will face a huge food deficit.

Better to start shedding population now, gradually, than to do it thru famine, food riots, revolution and war.

If you can’t feed your population, you have too much population. (Partial exception for city states and small states. Partial.) If you can’t house your population, you have too much population.

There are very few countries in the world which genuinely need more people. Russia, perhaps. Japan doesn’t. China doesn’t. India doesn’t. Most European countries don’t. Most African countries don’t. Etc…

Population doomers never ask the simple question: Under what circumstances is population growth good and under what circumstances is population decline good?

And for whom?

There was no better time to live in Medieval Europe than after the Black Death.

Decline now, while it’s gentle. If you insist on not doing so, you will do it the hard way.

(Much of this is driven by prioritization of GDP, a desire for low wages, and a deep misunderstanding of what makes an economy strong. More on that in the future.)

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22 Comments

  1. Sub-Boreal

    Thank you for these eminently sensible observations.

    The Left has a huge blind spot on population. Just so much as implying that there may be limits causes hair-on-fire tantrums and shrieking about “ecofascism”. It’s so tiresome.

  2. Z

    cap·i·tal·ism
    /ˈkapədlˌizəm/
    noun
    def.: a fervent belief in false profits and the pursuit of infinite growth in a finite world

    Z

  3. clearly it has more people than it is capable of taking care of. (Though we all know that’s usually a choice, not a constraint.)
    ——-

    Step 1: Prosperity gospel, there is no society, follow orders and obey.
    Step 2: Poison the population, restrict housing food and other necessities
    Step 3: Blame the gradual social decline on the people you’ve poisoned, and impoverished.
    Step 4: Profit and be lavish in your mansions, wearing silk dress, diamond bracelets, with servants pampering your make up covered sneers.
    Step 5 is already underway some of us just don’t want to admit it yet.

  4. Curt Kastens

    I wonder if European Countries are importing people to keep the housing market from losing value.

  5. Mary Bennet

    Curt, IDK about Europe, but exactly that has been the case in the USA for decades. Lefty intransigence about the alleged moral superiority of “open borders” has not helped, but the root cause of American inability to control our borders is the implacable insistence of the rich that housing prices must not ever decline. The upper class does not make stuff anymore, so RE is where their money is kept.

  6. Z

    In my view, the production team of Weekend at Biden’s open border immigration policies had more to do with Miriam Adelson’s personal pedicurist Donald “Toe-Jam” Trump winning the election than anything else. It was the most damaging thing that the working class felt most powerless to stop under the Lead Stiff’s presidency.

    Z

  7. Joan

    I hope that people are able to more deliberately choose whether they have children and how many they have, and that a chosen population decline results in the future being gentler on successive generations.

    In my personal life, population contraction is visible. Just did a rough count of the girlfriends I’m in some kind of regular touch with, most of them mid-range Millennials:

    5 of them have 2 kids
    2 of them have 1 kid
    1 of them doesn’t have kids yet but wants 1.
    15 of them have no kids and no plans to have them.

    And to be clear, this was before I started deliberately seeking out ladies who were childfree to make friends. This is just the population I befriended in my 20s and early 30s.

  8. mago

    Paul Erlich and the Population Bomb book cerca 1970 wherein he argued about too many people pursuing finite resources was/is a recipe for disaster.

    My younger self bought it.
    Now, no.
    Quantity vs quality
    Production, distribution and the controls thereof.
    The systems.
    There’s enough to go around, depending. . .
    But, yeah, I’m all for a world negated of assholes with arhats in their stead.

  9. Jorge

    Heh- my three siblings and I were born from 1948 to 1960. 2 of us had children: 1 had a son, the other had 2 sons, all in their 30s. Only one is married, to a woman with a debilitating disease and zero chance of having children.

    This population pyramid will not fund future pensions.

    I’m only saddened because our wacky family name will die out.

  10. anon y'mouse

    pensions are not needed if they are government provided. and if you understand where money really comes from, you know that even old Alan Greenspan was right in his proclamation:

    paraphrase “it’s not about printing the money, it’s about making sure there are resources to buy with it for the elderly that is the key”.

    i never understand why people flip out over taking care of the elderly. by natural processes, those people are dying every year and are almost always fewer in number than the working-age population. the problem is to make sure that working age population is producing the correct things in the correct ways for everyone.

    sitting around with spreadsheets and software for images and video editing and AI ain’t doin’ much to provide old people comfortable blankets and hot meals and a non-leaky roof.

  11. Mark Level

    I have to wonder if the statistic is valid, for a specific reason–

    Some time back somebody did a great little expose on the fraud of “places where people have a far longer lifespan than anywhere else”– supposedly Sardinia, Armenia I think, Japan at one time, etc. (I have a tiny bit of Sardinian heritage in my DNA, so I connected with that.)

    The real reason was fraud. People kept their dead parents pickled on ice (or however) to keep collecting pensions. This happened a LOT in Japan, in fact prior to seeing the above there were many exposes on “missing” or “disappeared” elders in Japan.

    So maybe they just caught the fraud, & it creates that image, but the decline happened earlier. I can’t prove this, but I think it’s worth of sharing in the “Just Saying” category.

  12. Eric Anderson

    KSR nailed the solution years ago. Everyone is allotted 1.5 children. You can sell your shares. China’s experiment would have worked out just fine if they’d followed this model.

    Mago: I always hear this contrarian take to which I have one simple question … why?
    Why not both/and? What is this default reactionary response to reducing human population? Is it a gene I don’t possess?

  13. FamousDrScanlon

    When climate change hits? It’s been hitting and hitting hard for some time now. I would not know where to begin listing record smashing climate Jacked disasters that have been extremely costly and in a number of case many of the victims and their communities have not recovered at all and some only partially. The world is well on it’s way to losing much of the benefits of the insurance industry (no insurance = no mortgage in many places) due to the increased risk of climate change and a few other factors, but the climate factor will grow and grow and make more homes and businesses un insurable.

    The blows have become frequent. This man list climate news, (consequences big & small) every other day

    *Latest Round-Ups*

    *Catch up on the latest Climate & Economy news.*

    https://climateandeconomy.com/
    ~~~~~~~~~~~
    *Americans face an insurability crisis as climate change worsens disasters – a look at how insurance companies set rates and coverage*
    Published: November 18, 2024

    https://theconversation.com/americans-face-an-insurability-crisis-as-climate-change-worsens-disasters-a-look-at-how-insurance-companies-set-rates-and-coverage-241772
    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    What has yet to hit is major wide spread and permanent climate damage to industrial agriculture. It’s underway. Higher CO2 levels are turning some major grains and some species of fish that humans eat into junk food (less nutritious) and long term drought is threatening major grain crop yields. When the commodities speculators strike the fear will cause it’s own damage. In the end it will come down to the food as you have pointed out many vulnerabilities in your piece. I see the same things you do, only I say climate cuts have begun and the blood flow is increasing – speed and scale.
    ~~~~~
    *Rising carbon dioxide levels are turning rice and fish into junk food*
    Jun 08, 2018

    “Increased CO2 in the atmosphere reduces the nutritional value of rice, the world’s most plentiful and valuable crop, as well as wheat and many wild plants. But CO2 also has a negative impact on the nutrition we take from the oceans, and that starts at the base of the food web with the harm it does to the microscopic phytoplankton.”

    https://www.cbc.ca/radio/quirks/june-9-2018-rising-co2-levels-make-food-less-nutritious-neonics-and-bees-tricking-facial-recognition-1.4696119/rising-carbon-dioxide-levels-are-turning-rice-and-fish-into-junk-food-1.4696123

    Thank You, Ian.

  14. Carborundum

    I’d be happy to have neutral population growth, but in-migration is the only process I’ve seen reliably produce people with a reasonable work ethic and we’re not allowed to kick the native-born out…

  15. Vivek

    I guess I’ll be the one to write some criticism here, I don’t think it’s appropriate to write *only* in terms of (over)population numbers. Arguments have to also talk about population pressure, and what kind of way of life a culture has and what relations it has to place and planet.

    William Catton, in the 1982 book Overshoot, writes:

    “I began to realize how little the average American had at first
    understood the reasons for his own anguish over what was happening
    to the American way of life in the post-exuberant era. This could be
    brought out clearly, I discovered, by asking an American to name an
    overpopulated country. He or she was much more likely to begin by
    mentioning India than the United States. But in considering which
    nation was overpopulated to a greater extent, Population *pressure*
    needed to be distinguished from population *density.*”

    […]

    “Population pressure can be defined as the frequency of mutual
    interference per capita per day that results from the presence of others
    in a finite habitat. (This is about what Emile Durkheim meant by
    “moral density” in his 1883 analysis of the division of labor in society.3)
    Population density in the ordinary sense (Durkheim’s “material den
    sity”) is simply the number of people per square mile. Two nations
    with equal population density could differ in population pressure if
    their peoples differed in level of activity. A population using more pros
    thetic equipment would tend to subject its members to more pressure
    by doing more things.”

    One framing to look at is ‘social thresholds achieved’ vs. ‘biophysical boundaries crossed’ per the project A Good Life For All Within Planetary Boundaries, for example here’s Japan: https://goodlife.leeds.ac.uk/national-trends/country-trends/#JPN .

    There’s a couple reasons I point this out:

    1) I feel there has to be additional questions asked when topics of (over)population come up.

    2) Only talking about overpopulation can get conflated with planetary health and immigration issues in ways that are arguably racist, see https://www.propublica.org/article/john-tanton-far-right-extremism-environmentalism-climate-change for starters

  16. Ian Welsh

    India is overpopulated. So is China. Russia is not. Nothing to do with racism. Canada, if it made the right changes, could support more people, but can’t right now.

    Overall humans are overpopulated, and this isn’t in doubt, we’re destroying the world’s carrying capacity.

    In theory we could have this much population or even more and not be over-populated, sure, but it would require significant changes to our social habits and physical plant which we’ve made clear we aren’t going to make.

    Have you seen China’s freeway systems? Everyone wants the Western-style lifestyle, and that’s not possible. It’s not possible for the West, either.

    Gotta admit, I tend to tune out when people reach for the racism card. Not that racism doesn’t exist, but it’s used too often for dubious reasons. “Oh no, you said something bad about a country full of brown people! You must be racist.” The very idea that India isn’t overpopulated is ludicrous. Doesn’t matter what numbers you use: pollution, water degradation, per capita food, decline in wilderness and wildlife, poverty, etc… Indians would be better off if there were less Indians.

    Even China is over-populated, and regular readers know that I think very highly of China. There’s a reason their leadership spent so much effort on controlling population and now, of course, they have population pyramid issues, but they were still right to make sure they didn’t get runaway population growth. If they settle at half their current population, they’ll still have tons.

  17. bruce wilder

    I noticed on X-twitter that Ian made a point of noticing how many people are apparently clueless about overpopulation. Relatively few commenters on X-twitter identified themselves as agreeing with the observation.

    It might be partly the customary “all news is bad news” phenomenon I suppose that leads journalism to focus on “demographic collapse”. There are real problems associated with declining population of course, but it takes some serious stupid not to realize there are also serious congestion and resource depletion problems associated with the massive size of populations and the economic production associated with feeding, housing, transporting and entertaining them.

    We really ought to be more worried about the fact that continued economic growth with concentration of income at the top will require eliminating useless eaters not needed for productive and security activity. I expect a lot of people driving Uber are worried about self-driving cars, just as some insured by United Healthcare are concerned about surviving a denied claim.

    The thing is, how many people can or will pay enough attention to think through even as basic issue as overpopulation? Recognizing that China is overpopulated is not exactly an intellectual heavy lift. So how dumb are we?

    Oh, yeah, Merry Xmas!

  18. Forecasting Intelligence

    Good news Ian is we are already or are on the brink of doing that anyway.

    Just look at the population charts of LTG BAU or the collapsing fertility rates across much of the world.

  19. Jan Wiklund

    There is a thinking error in this.

    The error is that the boundaries of a state is thought to be absolute. That all the people within eat must be produced within.

    One could as well argue the same about a municipality. That what is eaten within must be produced within. Which would deem every town “overpopulated” and leave only countryside justified.

    But a world consisting of only countryside – every square inch not overpopulated – wouldn’t provide more than say a tenth of the present population with food. A world without towns wouldn’t be able to produce the equipment to make agriculture efficient. This because production of almost everything except food is more efficient with division of labour. And division of labour implies towns.

  20. Ian Welsh

    No, there’s no error here, and I mentioned city states as a partial exception.

    Again, when there isn’t enough food to go around, worldwide, food will stop being fungible. (It already isn’t entirely, as the various famines should make clear.)

  21. Jan Wiklund

    What counts are not country borders, but possibly tonkilometers. The Germans thought in the interwar years that borders were very important and that they must incorporate Poland and Ukraine into Germany to have food in the country. But it could be well demonstrated that it was better and cheaper in all respects to export industrial products and buy food, and not bother with boundaries.

    In fact, German geographer Johann Heinrich von Thünen calculated in the early 19th century that the theoretically best way to organize an area was to keep artisans (as they were called then) in the middle, and surround them, concentrically, with gardening, forestry and – furthest out – animal husbandry and cereals. That would create least transport. And transport was expensive at that time. Food is simply not the most expensive thing to transport.

    It is tenable to say that there are too many people in the world. At least with the production methods in use today. But it really doesn’t matter if some are crowded together in for example England or Hong Kong.

  22. Ian Welsh

    Again, food is not always fungible. This was true before industrial agriculture and it will be true as climate change hits. Von Theunan was calculating AFTER the agriculural/industrial revolution.

    And Germany is currently de-industrializing. It’s China who will be buying Russia’s excess food, and Russia is one of the few nations which will have more than enough food to feed itself during climate change.

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